Technical Advantage: Product manufactured under industry-leading standards for low endotoxin content and superior results.

HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid) proveds an alternative to the use of bicarbonate for buffering because it does not require elevated levels of CO2.  Unlike the low pKa of bicarbonate, HEPES has a pKa of 7.66 making it a much stronger buffer in the pH 7.2-7.6 range than bicarbonate buffer.  Potential disadvantages of HEPES include toxicity over 100 mM and lack of nutritive value to the cell.  The recommended working concentration is 10-25 mM.

-  Complete Certificate of Analysis available for each production lot, along with full formulation information